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Background.
Back in 1831, the self-taught mechanic Cyrus McCormick began to invent various agricultural equipment. The first mechanical harvesters and threshers were in great demand in America. Excessive demand for products contributed to the merger of two competing firms "McCormick" and "Deering" into a single concern of CX-th engineering "Mc-Cormick-Deering" in 1891.
In 1902, the company was renamed the International Harvester Company (IHC), later simply IH. Gradually, from threshers and reapers, the company moved on to the production of combines, tractors, road construction machines and bulldozers, but trucks were the main product.
Back in 1894, the young engineer of McCormick, Edward Johnson, thought about the issue of motorization of farm carts. Only by 1905 was it possible to realize this idea, and by 1907 put production on stream. The first powered carts were produced by International Harvester in Akron, Ohio. The carrying capacity of such machines was 200-300 kilograms.
Later, machines with a carrying capacity of up to 1 ton began to appear. But their design was also extremely simple: under the wooden floor of the body there was a horizontal 2-cylinder air-cooled engine with a capacity of 16 hp. Some models were equipped with a 20-horsepower water-cooled engine. By means of rear-wheel drive, a compact continuously variable friction transmission, an intermediate shaft and two chain drives, the car was powered. The body of the car, as well as the wheels, were made of wood. Car production continued until 1914.
In 1915, the production of classic trucks was launched. The model range was represented by a whole series of trucks "H", "F", "K", "G" and "L" with a load capacity of 750 kg and up to 3.5 tons. The hoods were made in the style of French Renault cars, with a radiator placed between the driver's seat and the engine. The first models were equipped with lower valve 4-cylinder engines, planetary 2- and 3-speed gearboxes, cardan drives with chain or universal joints, semi-elliptical spring suspension, self-adjusting brakes, cast-spoke wheels and pneumatic tires.
Production of trucks in this series continued until 1923. At the end of the year, the company introduced a new Red Speed car, which could reach speeds of up to 50 km/h and carry up to 750 kilograms. The production of single-ton trucks of the S series (speed truck) was also launched.
A couple of years later, the lineup was replenished with models with indices from "21" to "103" with a carrying capacity from 750 kg to 5 tons. The most popular models were "43" and "63" with a carrying capacity of 2 and 3 tons, respectively. The HS series was produced in a small edition, intended for use in difficult conditions. The tonnage range of models 2.5 - 10 tons made it possible to use them in the transportation of a wide variety of cargoes.
By 1927, the company managed to increase production to 25,000 cars a year. A year later, the light delivery series Six Speed Special was launched into production. Trucks of this series are designed to transport goods weighing 1-2.5 tons.
Right before the start of the Great Depression, the company reached the level of 50,000 cars a year. The next step in the development of the company was the replenishment of the model range with medium-duty trucks of the A series (models A4, A5, A6), which were equipped with Waukesha and Lycoming engines. In 1930, a total of 29 thousand trucks were produced. Light and heavy trucks, as well as truck tractors, appeared a year later.
The revival of the company.
Due to financial difficulties, IHM had to scale down all US production. Only thanks to the help of the federal government, the company was saved. In 1983, under the slogan: "We don't give up - we move on," the production of the S series cars was restored, which consisted of slightly modified cars from the previous decade.
In 1986, the company was rebranded, the company received a new name - "International Navistar" ("Navistar" is a guiding star). The production of light vehicles was suspended, now IN focuses on the production of medium and heavy trucks, as well as military vehicles.
Peystar-5000 and Transtar-4300 tractors gained particular popularity. The cars had highly comfortable cabins, equipped with berths on two levels, a toilet block, a TV set, a refrigerator, a water cooler, a folding table and a locker for clothes.
Since the beginning of the 90s, the company's model palette has been replenished with tractors of the International 8000 series, which included the models "8100", "8200", "8300". They were equipped with motors with power from 195 to 430 hp.
Present tense.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the company's business was more than successful: a clear increase in the production of trucks was noticed. In 2007, IN enters into a contract with the US military for the supply of the International MaxxPro armored car. Until 2006, Navistar was included in the list of five hundred largest enterprises in the country. After the crisis of 2008, thanks to military orders, the share price rose 4 times.